Supporting Literature

Administration of a transdermal testosterone (T) gel formulation to hypogonadal men provided dose-proportional increases in serum T levels to the normal adult male range. Testosterone 1% gel (50 or 100 mg/day) was compared to the permeation-enhanced T patch. After 180 days, skin irritation was reported in 5.5% of subjects treated with T gel and in 66% of subjects in the permeation-enhanced T patch group. This research at UCLA concluded that T gel replacement improved sexual function and mood, increased lean mass and muscle strength (principally in the legs), and decreased fat mass in hypogonadal men with less skin irritation and discontinuation compared with the recommended dose of the permeation-enhanced T patch.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Aug;85(8):2839-53
Transdermal testosterone gel improves sexual function, mood, muscle strength, and body composition parameters in hypogonadal men. Testosterone Gel Study Group.
Wang C, Swedloff RS, Iranmanesh A, Dobs A, Snyder PJ, Cunningham G, Matsumoto AM, Weber T, Berman N.
Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California-Los Angeles Medical Center and Research and Education Institute, Torrance 90509, USA.
The abstract of this article can be viewed online. Go to PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed
In the search box, enter the following PMID: 10946892
The following study concluded that replacing testosterone in hypogonadal men increases bone mineral density of the spine and hip, fat-free mass, prostate volume, erythropoiesis, energy, and sexual function. The full effect of testosterone on bone mineral density took 24 months, but the full effects on the other tissues took only 3-6 months.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000 Aug;85(8):2670-7
Effects of testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men.
Snyder PJ, Peachey H, Berlin JA, Hannoush P, Haddad G, Dlewati A, Santanna J, Loh L, Lenrow DA, Holmes JH, Kapoor SC, Atkinson LE, Strom BL.
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.

The abstract of this article can be viewed online. Go to PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed
In the search box, enter the following PMID: 10946864

Am J Med 2001 May;110(7):563-72
Hypogonadism and androgen replacement therapy in elderly men.
Basaria S, Dobs AS.
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

The abstract of this article can be viewed online. Go to PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed
In the search box, enter the following PMID: 11343670

Drugs Aging 1999 Aug;15(2):131-42
Risks versus benefits of testosterone therapy in elderly men.
Basaria S, Dobs AS.
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.

The abstract of this article can be viewed online. Go to PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed
In the search box, enter the following PMID: 10495072

The findings below suggest that low levels of testosterone and SHBG play some role in the development of insulin resistance and subsequent type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes Care 2000 Apr;23(4):490-4
Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and the development of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged men: prospective results from the Massachusetts male aging study.
Stellato RK, Feldman HA, Hamdy O, Horton ES, McKinlay JB.
New England Research Institutes, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA.

The abstract of this article can be viewed online. Go to PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed
In the search box, enter the following PMID: 10857940

Manifestations of testosterone deficiency have included depression, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, weakness, diminished libido, impotence, poor memory, reduced muscle and bone mass, and diminished sexual body hair. Although testosterone levels decline with age, there is great interindividual variability.

Am J Psychiatry 1998 Oct;155(10):1310-8
Age-associated testosterone decline in men: clinical issues for psychiatry.
Sternbach H.
Department of Psychiatry, UCLA-Neuropsychiatric Institute, Los Angeles, USA.

The abstract of this article can be viewed online. Go to PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed
In the search box, enter the following PMID: 9766760

Massive obesity in males is associated with decreased total and free testosterone levels as well as elevated estradiol levels.

Med Hypotheses 1999 Jan;52(1):49-51
The hypogonadal-obesity cycle: role of aromatase in modulating the testosterone-estradiol shunt-a major factor in the genesis of morbid obesity.
Cohen PG.
The abstract of this article can be viewed online. Go to PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed
In the search box, enter the following PMID: 10342671

These results suggest that testosterone treatment might improve depressed mood in older men who have low levels of bioavailable testosterone.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 Feb;84(2):573-7
Bioavailable testosterone and depressed mood in older men: the Rancho Bernardo Study.
Barrett-Connor E, Von Muhlen DG, Kritz-Silverstein D.
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0607

The abstract of this article can be viewed online. Go to PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed
In the search box, enter the following PMID: 10022418

The following results suggest that until the age of 60 years, the mean serum level of DHEAS is lower in patients with ED than in healthy volunteers.

Urology 2000 May;55(5):755-8
Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations in men with erectile dysfunction.
Reiter WJ, Pycha A, Schatzl G, Klingler HC, Mark I, Auterith A, Marberger M.
Department of Urology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

The abstract of this article can be viewed online. Go to PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed
In the search box, enter the following PMID: 10792095